There’s no doubt that the learner of the English language, especially those who consider it as a 2nd language, would like to improve and develop their english skills. As we know that there’re 4 main skills to learn and master the English language, which are listening, reading,writing and speaking, all of these skills make the learner as professional as he/she does the best in this
The following are the items that make the sentence linked and give a better meaning in a simple or a few words
This sunbject talks about the Punctuation
1-
Full stop (.), question mark and exclamation mark (!) : A sentence ends with one of these puctuation marks
Full stop: It’s cold today. The office was closed. Please be careful
Question mark: Who’s that? Did you see the show? Could you wait, please
?
Exclamation mark: Oh,no! I don’t believe it! and so on
In the United States a full stop is called a ‘period’
2-
Semi-colon (
: We can use a semi-colon between two separate statements which are linked in meaning
Melanie is a very kind person; she visits David in hospital every day
We could also use a full stop here
3-
Colon (
: We can use a colon before an explanation or before a list
Vicky felt nervous; she hated the dark
There wasn’t much in in the fridge; a couple of sausage , some butter, half a bottle of milk
4-
Dash (ــ) :
A dash is rather informal. It’s sometimes used instead of a colon or a semi-colon
I’m having a great time – there’s lots to do here
Vicky felt nervous – she hated the dark
5-
Comma ( , ) : We often use a comma when we link two statements with and,but or or
Daniel was tired, and his feet were hurting
It’s a really good camera, but I can’t afford it
Note the two subjects in each sentence: Daniel ….his feet, and it …. When there’s only one subject, we don’t use a comma
Daniel sat down and took his shoes off
We can also use a comma when when a sentence has a linking word like when or although
When the office is busy, Sarah has to work late
Sometimes a comma can separate off an adverb or a phrase
Sarah, unfortunately, has to work late
On busy days, Sarah has to work late
Here the commas separate off on busy days and unfortunately
The roles about commas are not very exact. In general, commas are more likely around long phrases. With a short phrase there’s often no comma
On busy days Sarah has to work late
Sometimes she has to work late
It’s less usual to separate off something at the end of the sentence
Sarah has to work late when the office is busy
She stayed late to get the work gone
We don’t usually put a comma before to expressing purpose
We also use commas in a list of moren than two. The last two are linked by and, often without a comma
I went out with Rachel, Vicky, Emma and Matthew
6-
Quotation marks ( ‘ ’ ) :We put direct speech in qutation marks
Lara said, ‘ You haven’t put those shelves up yet.’ An other sentence ‘I haven’t had time,’ Replied Trevor
We normally use a comma to separate the direct speech from the rest of the sentence
The Comma comes before the quotation mark. Quotation marks are also called ‘quotes’ or ‘inverted commas’. Note that
Double quotation marks are sometimes used
“ you haven’t put those shelves up yet” Laura said
We can put quotation marks around titles
Do you watch that American comedy series called ‘Roseanne’
?
We often use quotation marks when we mention a word or phrase
What does ‘punctuation’ mean? ‘hip hop’ is also another title for the Rap music
7-
Hyphen (-) :We sometimes use hyphens in these structures
Compound noun: eating ice-cream
Compound expressions before a noun: an oven-ready meal
Noun formed from a phrasal verb: ready for take-off
Noun + ing-form: interested in rock-climbing
Before the last word of a compound number : a hundred and twenty –six people
After some prefixes: anti-aircraft guns
Letter + noun: sending an e-mail
The rules about hyphens are not very exact. For example you may see a compound noun written as phonecard, phone-card or phone card. Hyphens are not frequent in British English, and they are used even less in American English. If you’re unsure, it’s usually safer to write two separate words
8-
Apostrophe ( ’ ) : Look at these examples
Today we’re going for a drive in the country
Everyone is looking at Nick’s car
We use an apostrophe (’ ) in short forms, when there is a missing letter, e.g. we’re (= we are) an so on
We also use an apostrophe with s to form the possessive of a noun, e.g. Nick’s car
9-
Capital letters
There’re two capital letters (big letters) in this sentence
The boss said I could leave early
We use a capital letter at the beginning of a sentence and for the word I
We also use a capital letter to begin the names of people, places, companies, etc
Mark and Sarah
New Orleans
the High Street
Somerset House
General Motors
This include the names of books, films, magazines, etc All the important words start with a capital letter
The Spy Who Loved Me
Four Weddings and a Funeral
Newsweek
We also use a capital letter for days of the week, months of the year, holidays and festivals, historical times, nationalities and most abbreviations
Monday
August
Easter
the New Year
the Industrial Revolution
some Italian shoes
the UN (= the United Nations) and so on
Best Regards
thanks a lot our professor 
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