الوسم: المضارع

* كثير من الطالبات والطلاب لا يستطيعوا التمييز ما الفرق بين زمن

أولاً: صياغته:

تتم صياغة زمن المضارع المستمر عن طريق استخدام تصريف فعل الكينونة (to be) في زمن المضارع البسيط مع الضمائر ثم إضافة ing في نهاية الفعل الرئيسي
am, is, are ing

ثانياً: استخداماته:

1- يعبر عن حدث يحدث الآن مثل:
She is listening to the radio now.
They are playing football at this moment.
I can not see him now, he is making an interview.
ملحوظة:
يستخدم زمن المضارع المستمر عادة مع الكلمات التالية:
now, at this moment, at present, this week, this month, this year
My parents are coming to stay with me this weekend.
She is going to the cinema at this moment.
كما يستخدم مع كلمات لفت الانتباه مثل:
look, listen, take care, hurry up, behold…
Hurry up! We are reaching the island.
Listen! She is singing.
Look! While I am studying, he is playing.
Behold! He is praying now.
Take care! It is getting hotter.
عند إضافة ing للفعل فيجب ملاحظة ما يلي:
أولاً: الفعل المنتهي بحرف e يتم حذف هذا الحرف منه ونضع ing مثل:
come? coming
write? writing
close? closing
describe? describing
decorate? decorating
arrive? arriving
ride? riding
rise? rising
weave? weaving
wave? waving
undertake? undertaking
strike? striking
become? becoming
drive? driving
arise? arising
hide? hiding
ما عدا فعلي “dye” و “be” حيث نقول:
be? being
dye? dyeing
ثانياً: الفعل المنتهي بحرفي ee نضع ing بدون حذفهما مثل:
see? seeing
agree? agreeing
foresee? foreseeing
flee? fleeing
ثالثاً: الفعل المنتهي بحرف ساكن مسبوق بحرف متحرك فإننا نقوم غالباً بمضاعفة الحرف الأخير ثم إضافة ing مثل:
cut? cutting
travel? traveling
begin? beginning
bid? bidding
forbid? forbidding
forget? forgetting
get? getting
hit? hitting
knit? knitting
shut? shutting
spin? spinning
spit? spitting
split? splitting
swim? swimming
upset? upsetting
win? winning
2- يعبر عن المستقبل خاصة مع أفعال الحركة مثل:
go, come, leave, stay, sleep, fly, do, have….
Are you doing your homework tonight?
I am leaving for Cairo tomorrow.
We are staying here till the next Summer.
She is flying to Moscow next week.
He is coming in few minutes.
We are going to Alexandria next month.
3- يستخدم مع حدثين يحدثان معاً في وقت الكلام مثل:
While I am doing my homework, my sister is washing up.
We are watching television and my mother is cleaning the house.
She is waiting for me while I am hiding in the car.
4- يستخدم مع كلمة “always” لكي يعبر عن المضايقة من جانب المتحدث مثل:
He is always talking in the class.
She is always asking for help.
You are always annoying me.
We are always looking at those bad boys.
I am always asking questions with no answer.
لا يتم استخدام الأفعال التالية في زمن المضارع المستمر:
أ- أفعال الحواس مثل:
See, hear, feel, taste, smell
ب- الأفعال الدالة على المشاعر والعواطف مثل:
Adore, love, like, desire, want, wish, fear, hate, detest, dislike
ت- الأفعال الدالة على النشاط الذهني مثل:
Agree, understand, appreciate, value, believe, think, expect, know, mean, realize, recognize, trust, remember
ث- أفعال التملك مثل:
Belong, owe, own, possess
ج- الأفعال المساعدة ما عدا فعلي “be” و “have” في بعض الاستخدامات
ح- مع أفعال أخرى مثل:
Appear, seem, concern, consist, contain, include, hold, keep, cost, remain, involve, matter
وبدلاً من استخدام الأفعال السابقة في زمن المضارع المستمر يمكننا القول:
I understand you now.
While I am cleaning the clothes, he appears from nowhere.
حيث بالرغم من وجود الكلمات الدالة على المضارع المستمر فإننا قد استخدمنا تلك الأفعال في زمن المضارع البسيط.

ثالثاً: تمارين:

تمرين رقم 1:
صحح الفعل بين القوسين:
1. You can not see her now, she (have) a shower.
2. Do not disturb people while they (work).
3. This woman is never satisfied, she always (complain).
4. Are you doing your homework tonight? No, I (read) a new novel.
5. How Aly (get) on at school?
6. Do you see what Ahmed (do)?
7. Stop! You (not see) the red light?
8. What you (wait) for?
9. She is in the kitchen now. She (wash) up.
10. Look! While I (study), he (play).
11. He always (talk) in the class.
12. I am (leave) for Cairo tomorrow.
13. She is (fly) to Moscow next week.
14. We are (stay) here till the next Summer.
15. She is waiting for me while I (hide) in the kitchen.
16. He is (come) in few minutes.
17. I am (cut) the chicken now.
18. Our National Team is always (win) the matches.
19. He is always (ask) for help.
20. Are you (do) your homework tonight?
تمرين رقم 2:
اختر الإجابة الصحيحة من بين الأقواس وضعها في مكانها المحدد:
1. What …………….. with his car now? (he does, he is doing, is he doing)
2. Do not get off the bus while it ………………. (running, is running, was running)
3. I ………. it now. (want, wants, am wanting)
4. At this moment, I …………. two new shirts. (has, have, am having)
5. Look! She …………….. (playing, plays, is playing)

رابعاً: حلول التمارين: