Each part of speech explains not what the word is, but how the word is used. In fact, the same word can be a noun in on sentence and a verb or adjective in the next
a.Verbs : the verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. The verb or compound verb asserts something about the subject of the sentence and expresses action, events or states of being. The verb or compound verb is the critical element of the predicate of the sentence
verbs can be divided into three types
Ordinary verbs: go, come, clean
Auxiliary verbs: (will, would, shall, should, can could, may, might, to be, to have, to do, dare, need, used to, ought to)
Primary verbs: (to be, to have, to do, to need, to dare) they are called as primary verbs, because they can be used as ordinary verb in a sentence and as an auxiliary in another
b. Noun: is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, and abstract idea. A noun can function in a sentence as a subject, a direct abject, an indirect object, a subject complement, an appositive, an adjective or an adverb
Noun Gender: may common nouns, like "engineer" or "teacher", can refer to men or women. Once, many English nouns would change form depending on their gender — for example, a man was called an "author" while a woman was called an "authoress" — but this use of gender-specific nouns is very rare today
Plural nouns: most nouns change their form to indicate number by adding "-s" or "-es". There are other nouns which form the plural by changing the last letter before adding "s". Some words ending in "f" form the plural by deleting "f" and adding "ves", and words ending in "y" form the plural by deleting "y" and adding "ies". Other nouns form the plural irregularly ( ox = oxen)
Possessive Nouns: in the possessive case, a noun or pronoun changes its form to show that it owns or is closely related to something else. Usually, nouns become possessive by adding a combination of an apostrophe and the letter "s". You can form the possessive case of a singular noun that doesn’t end in "s" by adding an apostrophe and "s". You can form the possessive case of a singular by adding an apostrophe alone or by adding an apostrophe and "s". You can form the possessive case of a plural noun that doesn’t end in "s" by adding an apostrophe and "s". You can form the possessive case of a plural noun that does end in "s" by adding an apostrophe
to be continue
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Personal Pronouns : a persona pronoun refers to a specific person or thing and changes its form to indicate person, number, gender, and case
a. Subjective Personal Pronouns: a subjective personal pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as the subject of a verb, compound verb, preposition, or infinitive phrase. The subjective personal pronouns are : "I", "you", "she", "he", "it", "we", "they"
b. Objective Personal Pronouns : an objective personal pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as the object of a verb, compound verb, preposition, or infinitive phrase. The objective personal pronouns are: "me", "you", "her", "him", "it", "us", "them"
c. Possessive Personal Pronouns : a possessive pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as a marker of possession and defines who owns the a particular object or person. The possessive personal pronouns are "mine" yours", "hers", "his", "its", "ours" and "theirs" . Note that the possessive personal pronouns are very similar to possessive adjectives like "my", "her", and "their"
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Demonstrative Pronouns : a demonstrative pronoun points to and identifies a noun or a pronoun. "This" and "these"; refer to things that are nearby either in space or time, while "that" and "those" refer to things that are farther away in space or time. The demonstrative pronouns are "this", "that", "these", and "those". "This" and "that" are used refer t singular noun or noun phrases and "these" and "those" are used to refer to plural nouns and noun phrases. Note that the demonstrative pronouns are identical to demonstrative adjectives, though, obviously, you use them differently. It is also important to note that "that" can also be used as a relative pronoun
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Interrogative Pronouns : an interrogative pronoun is used to ask questions. The interrogative pronouns are "who", "whom", "which", "what" and the compounds formed with the suffix "ever"(whoever, whomever, whichever and whatever). Note that either "which" or "what" can also be used as an interrogative adjective, and that "whom", "who" or "which" can also be used as a relative pronoun. "who", "whom" and occasionally "which" are used to refer to people and "which", "what" are used to refer to things or animals. "who" acts as the subject of a verb, while "whom" acts as the object of a verb, preposition, or a verbal
Which wants to see the dentist first? "which" is the subject of the sentence
Who wrote the novel Rockbound? Similarly "who" is the subject of the sentence
Whom do you think we should invite? "whom" is the object of the verb of the sentence
To whom do you wish to speak? "whom" is the object of the preposition "to"
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Relative Pronouns: we can use relative pronoun to link one phrase or clause to another phrase or clause . The relative pronouns are "who", "whom", "that" and "which". The compound "whoever", "whomever" and "whichever" are also relative pronouns. We can use the relative pronouns "who" and "whoever" to refer to the subject of a clause or sentence, and "whom" and "whomever" to refer to the object of a verb, a verbal or a preposition
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Indefinite Pronouns: an indefinite pronoun is a pronoun referring to an indefinable but not specific person or thing. An indefinite pronoun conveys the idea of all, any, none or some. The most common indefinite pronouns are "all", "another", "any", "anybody", "anyone", "each", everyone", "everybody", "everything", "few", "many", "nobody", "none", "one", "several", "some", "somebody" and "someone". Note that some indefinite pronouns can also be used as indefinite adjective
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Reflexive Pronouns: you can use a reflexive pronoun to refer back to the subject of the clause or sentence. The reflexive pronouns are "myself", "yourself", herself", himself", "itself", "ourselves", "yourselves", and "themselves". Note each of these can also act as intensive pronoun
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Intensive Pronouns: an intensive pronoun is a pronoun used to emphasize antecedent . Intensive Pronouns are identical in form to reflexive Pronouns
I myself believe that the world is bliss
The Prime Minister himself said that he would lower taxes